I'll keep my eyes peel for a reply on this. All i know is:
1)play a random quest;
2)make weapon;
3)check for rusted weapon(type);
4)If not rusted but the type you wanted, go to (7);
5)if get rusted weapon and but not type you wanted, go to (8');
6)if not rusted or the type you want, go to (7);
7)note the stone that gave you the type you wanted;
8)Choose if you keep any of the weapons you got;
9)Reset without saving if you did not have what you want, go to (1);
(10)Save if you got the weapon you seek!
I must stress the importance of saving before you attempt this, a thing to note IMO is that once you know which stone get you which type of weapon, that will not change! The only thing you can manipulate is whether or not it is a rust stone weapon that can be used.
You'll also want to gather sufficient iron ores etc for weapon refining.
I read some claiming you'll get it in (n)tries, if you asked me, I would think while the type is fixed. What you can get out of the stone is rerolled after every mission you go on and chances you get a roll on rusted weapons is moderate.